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肉身菩萨的秘密
http://tv.sohu.com/20151110/n425837879.shtml

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九华山肉身菩萨 天下20110514
福建阳春村庆祝千年肉身坐佛章公佛诞20151005
2015年农历10月初五日 福建阳春村庆祝千年肉身坐佛章公祖师佛诞 20151005

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[中国新闻]福建肉身坐佛归国将打跨国官司 2015-11-14
[中国新闻]福建肉身坐佛归国将打跨国官司 2015-11-14

[资讯] 福建：肉身坐佛归国将打跨国官司

[资讯]律师团预计本月下旬赴荷兰追讨肉身菩萨

中国新闻]福建肉身坐佛归国将打跨国官司
酷603:39
千年肉身坐佛回国受阻 藏家要2000万美元才还

福建：肉身坐佛归国将打跨国官司
——荷兰藏家是否有权提出交换的“金钱”条件？

The Gruesome and Excruciating Practice of Mummifying Your Own Body
Lauren Davis DAILY EXPLAINER2/04/14 2:08pm

Mummification is a fascinating way to preserve a person's remains, whether to be worshipped or because they're planning on using that body at a later date. But some people have gone to incredible lengths to prepare their own bodies for mummification while they were still alive.
Top image: Daijuku Bosatsu Shinnyokai-Shonin.

Why have people practiced self-mummification?
The most famous practitioners of self-mummification to modern readers are thesokushinbutsu—the Buddhas in the flesh—whose bodies have been found in Japan,  primarily in Yamagata Prefecture. Some 24 individuals, mainly practitioners of Shingon Buddhism, have been found successfully self-mummified, their deaths dating between the 12th and early 20th centuries AD.  However, the practice of self-mummification goes back further than that.  In Science and Civilisation in China: Volume Five, the contributors speculate that self-mummification was originally a Taoist practice, and notes that, while the Japanese monks are the most famous self-mummifiers, cases of deliberate self-mummification have been recorded in China and India as well.

The practice of self-mummification among the monks of Yamagata came to light in the 1960s,  after Kosei Ando and a team of researchers at Niigata University published Nihon no miira, an account of Japan's mummies, and Matsumoto Akira helped form the Japanese Mummy Research Group.

Mummies (miira) are not uncommon in Japan, but the far rarer practice of self-mummification, as you might imagine, is an extremely unpleasant one, attempted only by the most devoted of ascetics. So why go through all that trouble just to turn yourself into a particularly well preserved corpse?  In Living Buddhas: The Self-Mummified Monks of Yamagata, Japan,  Ken Jeremiah points out that many religions, including Christianity, have viewed the incorruptibility of the corpse as a sign of special grace or supernatural ability. There are many accounts (many of them likely apocryphal) of highly spiritual individuals dying during prayer or meditation and failing to decay after several days. Where sokushinbutsu was concerned, a successful act of self-mummification meant the successful execution of a final spiritual practice.  If, after an attempt at self-mummification, the attempted practitioner was found decayed,  it was taken as a sign that the spiritual goal had not been achieved.

So what was that spiritual goal? Jeremiah notes that the idea of preserving the body runs contrary to much of Buddhist scripture, which is less concerned with the physical body than with the spiritual component. However, it's important to remember that the sokushinbutsu of Yamagata were members of the issei gyonin sect of Shingon Buddhism, which married esoteric Buddhism with indigenous spiritual practices, and utilized aspects of Daoism and Hinduism. They were practitioners of shugendō, a spiritual practice closely linked with mountain dwellers, known as shugenja, who believed they attained special powers through ascetic acts. The biographies of successful sokushinbutsu (the ones that have known biographies; some information on the lives of sokushinbutsu have been lost or destroyed over time) include tales of everything from meditating under waterfalls and in caves to gouging out their own eyes.

Taoist practitioners of self-mummification saw the practice not as suicide,  but as a path to immortality, and similarly, the sokushinbutsu saw the process as transcendance rather than death.  Kosei Ando linked the practice to the bodhisattva Maitreya—the future Buddha who,  in the meantime resides in Tuṣita Heaven —suggesting that sokushinbutsu employed their practice to aid Maitreya.  They would remain in their mummified state, which was viewed as a death-like trance, for 5.67 billion years until they would be called upon to assist Maitreya for the benefit of all humankind. However, in the essay "In Search of a New Interpretation of Ascetic Experiences" from the book Rethinking Japan, Massimo Raveri seems to prefer the interpretation of Miyata Noboru, who sees a sense of optimism in the worship of thesokushinbutsu, whom it is said, will wake to "acclaim the new reincarnation of the Buddha in the world" and perhaps are the bodhisattva themselves. Whatever the specifics of their spiritual quest, the sokushinbutsu would have undertaken self-mummification as a form of spiritual transformation for the benefit of others.


How to Mummify Yourself
Mummifying yourself is not a thing you do on the spur of the moment, especially in Japan's humid climates. In fact, there is a 3,000-day "training" process for turning an ordinary ascetic's body into a mummy's. The key element of the process is dietary; Japanese ascetics would commonly abstain from cereals, removing wheat, rice, foxtail millet, pros so millet, and soybeans. Instead, they would eat things like nuts, berries, pine needles, tree bark, and resin (which is why the diet of thesokushinbutsu was called mokujikyo, or "tree-eating." Over time, the diet would become more restrictive, starving the body of nutrients and eliminating the fat and moisture that can encourage bodily decay after death; X-rays of sokushinbutsu have even shown river stones in the guts of mummies. Jeremiah suggests that, beyond the weight loss, some aspects of the diet may have helped with the preservation of the body after death. For example, certain herbs and toxic cycad nuts may have inhibited bacterial growth. And at least some sokushinbutsu are said to have drunk a tea made from urushi, the sap of Toxicodendron vernicifluum, which is typically used to make lacquer. In addition to facilitating vomiting, the urushi may have functioned as a sort of embalming fluid, rendering the body toxic to potential flesh-eating invaders.

Once the ascetic was prepared to attempt to become a sokushinbutsu, it's said he would step into a tiny burial chamber and has himself buried alive, with a small opening to allow air inside the chamber. There he would sit, chanting sutra and ringing a bell to signal that he was still alive. Once the bell stopped ringing, the chamber would be completely sealed, and after three years it would be opened again to see if the attempt at self-mummification proved successful.

What happens after you try to mummify yourself?
Hundreds of people are thought to have attempted this form of self-mummifcation, and it's not known how many were successful. However, you can visit some of the successful sokushinbutsu at their shrines. Famously, Daijuku Bosatsu Shinnyokai-Shonin, who mummified himself at the age of 96 in 1783, sits in the Ryusui-ji Dainichibou Temple in Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture. If, when your burial chamber was opened, your body was found preserved, then you could be worshipped as a sokushinbutsu. You could be dressed in robes and placed in a shrine where humanity could await your reawakening. Here, there is actually a small cheat in the self-mummification process; if the body was not decayed but not totally preserved, the skin would actually be treated with incense smoke to ensure it would last.

However, changing mores and laws meant that not all successful sokushinbutsuwere enshrined. When the priest and ascetic Bukkai Shonin died in 1903, he was interred and was supposed to be exhumed after three years, but exhumation was illegal in Japan at that point in time. When Bukkai was eventually exhumed, it was in 1961 by a team of researchers, who found the ascetic quite well preserved.

And if your body was found rotting when the tomb was opened? Well, then no worship for your remains. An exorcism would be performed and the remains would be reburied. All those years of self-starvation those final days spent alone in a dark chamber, and your remains become an object of caution rather than worship.
http://io9.com/the-gruesome-and-excruciating-practice-of-mummifying-yo-1515905564
Living Buddhas: The Self-Mummified Monks of Yamagata, Japan

Mummified Monk Sits Inside Ancient Buddha Statue

Researchers at the Drents Museum in the Netherlands made a shocking discovery when they imaged an ancient Chinese statue and found a nearly 1,000-year-old mummy inside.
Sitting in the lotus position, the mummy fits within the statue perfectly.
"On the outside, it looks like a large statue of Buddha," the museum said in a release. "Scan research has shown that on the inside, it is the mummy of a Buddhist monk who lived around the year 1100."
Corpse of 200-Year-Old Monk Found in Lotus Position
Glowing through the statue's golden cast, the human skeleton is believed to belong to Buddhist master Liuquan, a member of the Chinese Meditation School.
To further investigate the mummy, the researchers took the statue to the Meander Medical Center in Amersfoort and carried out an endoscopy and additional CT scans.
They found out that Liuquan's internal organs had been removed.
"The mummified body hidden inside the buddhist statue is sitting on a roll of cloth," Buddhism expert Erik Bruijn told Discovery News. "On this cloth are Chinese characters written in black ink, mentioning the name of the venerable monk: Liuquan," he added.
According to Bruijn, the name means "Six Perfections."
"It refers to the virtues perfected by a being who seeks buddhahood through the systematic practice of the six perfect virtues but renounces complete entry into nirvana until all beings are saved," Bruijn said.
The museum speculates Liu Quan Liuquan may have "self-mummified" in order to become a "living Buddha."
Practiced mainly in Japan, self-mummification was a grueling process that required a monk to follow a strict 1,000-day diet of nuts and seeds in order to strip the body of fat. A diet of bark and roots would follow for another 1,000 days.
Video: Cool Jobs: Mummy Hunter
At the end of this period, the monk began drinking a poisonous tea made from the sap of the Japanese varnish tree, normally used to lacquer bowls and plates. The tea caused profuse vomiting as well as a rapid loss of bodily fluids, possibly making the body too poisonous to be eaten by bacteria and insects.
A living skeleton, the monk was then placed in a stone tomb barely larger than his body, which was equipped with an air tube and a bell.
Never moving from the lotus position, the monk would ring the bell each day to let those outside know that he was still alive. When the bell stopped ringing, the monk was presumed dead, the air tube removed and the tomb sealed.
After another 1,000 days the tomb would be opened to check whether the monk had been successfully mummified. Of the hundreds of monks that tried this horrifying process, only a few dozen actually became self-mummified and venerated in temples as a Buddha.
Optical Illusion: Child Mummy Opens And Closes Her Eyes
Researchers aren't certain when or how this monk's organs were then removed.
The Buddha statue is currently on display at the National Museum of Natural History in Budapest. It will remain there until May.
Image: A scan reveals the body of a nearly 1,000-year-old Buddhist monk inside the statue of Buddha.  Credit: Drents Museum.



FEB 23, 2015 01:21 PM ET // BY ROSSELLA LORENZI  Mummified Monk Sits Inside Ancient Buddha Statue

http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/mummified-monk-sits-inside-ancient-buddha-statue-150223.htm

Mummy In Statue: Monk Takes 'Rest In Peace' Literally, Remains Found Mummified In Chinese Buddha Statue, Monk 'Not Dead' But In 'Advanced State of Meditation' [SHOCKING]
Travelers Today       By    TravelersToday Staff Reporter
Updated: Feb 23, 2015 10:28 PM EST

Monk Takes 'Rest In Peace' Literally, Remains Found Mummified In Chinese Buddha Statue(Photo : YouTube)

Mummy in Statue - One monk has taken the phrase "rest in peace" quite literally. Researchers have discovered that within an ancient Chinese Buddha statue was the remains of Buddhist master Liuquan of the Chinese Meditation School. How old is the mummy and how was such procedure possible?The mummy in statue is reportedly 1,000 years old. The Buddha statue hails from China. Researchers made the shocking discovery after placing a scan was done at the Meander Medical Center in Amsterdam. According to reports, the monk had gone through a self-mummification period which involved a strict diet to the point of starvation before being buried alive in a chamber.

"The discovery of the mummy is of great cultural significance, not only because it is the only one of its kind, but so far the only Chinese Buddhist mummy that is available in the West for scientific research," shares a report by CBC on the mummy in statue discovery.Images of the monk found in the mummy statue may be found in the US art and design blog called This Is Colossal. Apart from the scan revealing the remains of the mummy in statue, it also revealed unidentified material along with scraps of paper, which featured ancient Chinese characters. These reportedly would reveal the location of the monk's organs which were removed prior to the mummification process.

The mummy in statue, known as the Liuquan mummy, is set to be transported to Hungary. There it would be on display at the highly anticipated event through the month of May. The mummy in statue is set to be displayed at the Hungarian Natual History Museum.An update regarding the mummy in statue claims that these Buddhist mummies "are not dead" but are simply in an advanced state of meditation. Hopefully, the monk who has reached an all-new level of meditation after his self-mummification process does not decide to wake up and break out of the statue.

http://www.travelerstoday.com/articles/19098/20150223/mummy-in-statue-monk-takes-rest-in-peace-literally-remains-found-mummified-in-chinese-buddha-statue-monk-not-dead-but-in-advanced-state-of-meditation-shocking.htm